Taiyuan University of Technology, China

Profile

Early Academic Pursuits

Yuxiao Gao is currently an undergraduate student at Taiyuan University of Technology, majoring in Data Science and Big Data Technology. With a strong academic inclination toward cutting-edge technologies, Yuxiao has already made significant strides in the research community, especially in areas intersecting artificial intelligence and healthcare. His journey into research began with a deep interest in machine learning and its practical applications in the medical domain.

Professional Endeavors

Despite being an undergraduate, Yuxiao has demonstrated academic maturity by publishing a review article in an SCI-indexed journal focusing on deep learning-based medical image segmentation. He also showcased his work at a CCF-C level conference, presenting a novel segmentation framework, emphasizing his capability to contribute at recognized academic platforms. His technical skillset includes Python, Java, PyTorch, and proficiency in Linux environments, positioning him as a competent data science researcher.

Contributions and Research Focus

Yuxiao's research is characterized by interdisciplinary innovation. His notable contributions include developing a knowledge graph for Chinese health policy using Natural Language Processing (NLP)tools and assessing policies quantitatively via the Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) index. This integration of NLP with healthcare and policy evaluation demonstrates his unique capability to apply data-driven approaches to real-world problems, reflecting both depth and relevance in his academic endeavors.

Collaborations and Academic Influence

Yuxiao has collaborated with faculty members involved in medical imaging and health policy analytics, enriching his interdisciplinary experience. His ability to merge computer vision, NLP, and graph databases to solve complex healthcare issues has made him a valuable contributor to collaborative research teams, even at the early stages of his career.

Academic Citations and Publications

Yuxiao has authored one SCI-indexed review paper and presented at a CCF-C conference, with future publications expected as his research matures. Although citation metrics are currently not applicable due to the early stage of his career, his work’s relevance and potential for impact are evident through the quality of publication and platforms.

Technical Skills

His core technical proficiencies span deep learning frameworks (PyTorch), programming languages (Python, Java), and Linux-based systems. Additionally, Yuxiao has hands-on experience in knowledge graph construction, policy analysis using PMC modeling, and implementing medical image segmentation frameworks, marking his expertise across both structured and unstructured data domains.

Recognition and Award Preference

Given his strong foundation in research, innovation, and interdisciplinary applications of data science, Yuxiao Gao is a deserving candidate for the Best Undergraduate Researcher Award. His achievements, despite being in the early stage of his academic career, reflect both academic rigor and real-world impact.

Legacy and Future Contributions

Looking ahead, Yuxiao aims to expand his work inintelligent healthcare systems and policy informatics, striving to build solutions that bridge the gap between machine learning technologies and societal needs. His passion for integrating science, policy, and innovation is poised to shape meaningful outcomes in both academia and applied research domains.

Selected Publications

Title: A Review on Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Yuxiao Gao, [Co-author Names if any]
Journal: [Journal Name, e.g., IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging]
Year: [Year, e.g., 2024]

Is this the exact published title?
If yes, we will proceed. If there’s any change or subtitle, please specify.

Please confirm the author list as it appears in the publication.
Is it:

Yuxiao Gao (sole author), or
Yuxiao Gao plus other co-authors (please list them)?

Please provide the full journal name where this review was published (SCI-indexed).
For example:

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
Medical Image Analysis
Elsevier’s Journal of X
etc.

Samra Qaraghuli | Antibiotics | Women Researcher Award

Posted on 03/06/202503/06/2025 by Invention Awards

Dr.Samra Qaraghuli | Antibiotics | Women Researcher Award

college of pharmacy mustansiriyah university, Iraq

Profile

google scholar

Early Academic Pursuits

Hailing from Baghdad, Iraq, I began my academic journey at Al-Mustansiriyah University, earning a Bachelor of Science in Biology/Biotechnology (2005) and a Master of Science in Botany with a focus on Medicinal Plants (2008). My deep-rooted interest in plant science and natural products led me to pursue further studies in South Australia, where I completed an English proficiency program at the Intensive English Language Institution (IELI). This linguistic and cultural immersion set the stage for my doctoral studies.

In 2018, I earned my Ph.D. from Flinders University, Adelaide, with a research focus on the purification of novel antibiotics and bioactive compounds from Australian macrofungi. This research was recognized with several prestigious awards including first prize in the AMP Ignite Competition, Future Scientist Award of South Australia, and a nomination for the PhD Excellence Award.

🧪 Professional Endeavors

Currently, I serve as a full-time lecturer at the College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, and as an adjunct lecturer at the College of Pharmacy, The American University of Iraq – Baghdad. My teaching portfolio includes courses in Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Analysis, where I combine theoretical frameworks with hands-on laboratory training. I have also contributed extensively to the curriculum development and accreditation compliance (ACPE) at Mustansiriyah University as the Program Compliance Officer.

Previously, I worked at Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia (2019–2022) in several roles, including Ethics, Risk, and Compliance Coordinator, QA Specialist, and Manage Access Program Coordinator. These roles enhanced my professional competencies in quality assurance, compliance, stakeholder communication, and risk management.

I also held a research-based position as an Associate Biologist at the National Diabetes Centre (2009–2011), where I gained expertise in serology, bacteriology, and tissue culture techniques.

🔬 Contributions and Research Focus

My academic research centers on macrofungi, natural products chemistry, medicinal plants, microbiology, and biotechnology. My doctoral work at Flinders University made significant contributions to the identification and purification of bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications, particularly in the fight against antibiotic resistance.

I’ve also contributed to scientific knowledge through presentations at national and international conferences, supported by travel and research grants from respected institutions such as the Australasian Mycological Society, Field Naturalists Society of South Australia, and Flinders University.

🌍 Impact and Influence

Beyond academic instruction, I am deeply committed to science communication and educational development. I have mentored students in various capacities and coached the ELO Competition Team in 2024, guiding them to a Fourth Prize finish. My efforts to foster scientific curiosity and communication have made a measurable impact in both academic and public engagement spheres.

As a volunteer bilingual mentor in South Australia and a participant in university-led educational programs, I have actively contributed to the cultural and intellectual integration of international students.

📚 Academic Cites and Awards

My scholarly excellence has been recognized through numerous awards:

🥇 First Prize – AMP Ignite Competition (2018)
🏆 Future Scientist Award, South Australia (2018)
🎓 Nominated for PhD Excellence Award, Flinders University (2019)
🧭 AMS Conference Travel Grant (2016)
🧳 FUSA Development & Conference Grants (2016)
🌱 Field Naturalists Society of SA Grant (2015)
🇮🇶 Doctoral Scholarship from HCED, Iraq (2013)

I also earned Flinders University Horizon Awards (Silver, Gold, and Platinum), demonstrating my commitment to academic leadership, communication, and community involvement.

🧰 Technical Skills

My technical expertise includes:

Natural Product Extraction and Chromatographic Techniques (TLC, HPLC, GC, Column Chromatography, etc.)
Mycology and Mushroom Cultivation
Molecular Biology: DNA/RNA extraction, PCR, cDNA synthesis
Microbiology & Serology: Quantitative genetics, bacterial culture, serological analysis
Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques
Compliance and QA Systems: SOP writing, CAPA management, Risk Assessment

👩‍🏫 Teaching Experience

Since 2012, I have taught a variety of pharmacy and biomedical science courses, primarily in Pharmacognosy. I specialize in:

Medicinal plant identification and classification
Pharmacological and chemical profiling of natural products
Chromatographic separation methods
Microscopic and macroscopic crude drug evaluation
Tissue culture and secondary metabolite production

My teaching style emphasizes interactive labs, critical thinking, and scientific inquiry, with a focus on student engagement and curriculum innovation.

🏛️ Legacy and Future Contributions

With a solid foundation in the biological sciences, cross-cultural education, and pharmaceutical research, I aspire to contribute meaningfully to Al Akhawayn University. My goal is to integrate traditional knowledge of medicinal plants with modern scientific techniques and foster a research culture that supports interdisciplinary collaboration, student mentorship, and international partnerships.

My long-term vision involves the advancement of pharmaceutical education, promotion of natural product-based research, and enhancing global health outcomes through science and innovation.

📚 Selected Publications

Title: Gastrointestinal disorders in children with autism: Could artificial intelligence help?
Authors: Al-Biltagi M, Saeed NK, Qaraghuli S
Journal: Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology
Year: 2022
Title: Effects of COVID-19 on children with autism
Authors: Al-Biltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Alhawamdeh R, Qaraghuli S
Journal: World Journal of Virology
Year: 2022
Title: A new species of small black disc fungi, Smardaea australis (Pezizales, Pyronemataceae), is described from Australia
Authors: Catcheside PS, Qaraghuli S, Catcheside DE
Journal: Swainsona
Year: 2017
Title: Report on the workshop of the Adelaide Fungal Studies Group, Deep Creek Conservation Park, 2-6 July 2015
Authors: Catcheside P, Walsh R, Qaraghuli S
Journal: South Australian Naturalist
Year: 2015

SHIN SEUNGSOO | Networking | Best Researcher Award

Posted on 05/05/202505/05/2025 by Invention Awards

Prof. Dr. SHIN SEUNGSOO | Networking | Best Researcher Award

Tongmyong University, South Korea

Profile

google scholar

🎓 Early Academic Pursuits

The scholar began his academic journey with a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree in Mathematics from the Department of Mathematics at Chungbuk National University, CheongJu, Korea. His passion for mathematical theories and their logical applications led him to pursue advanced degrees at the same institution. He earned both his Master of Science (M.S.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees in Mathematics, solidifying his foundation in pure and applied mathematics. Not stopping there, he further broadened his academic horizon by obtaining a second Ph.D. in Computer Engineering from the Department of Computer Engineering, also at Chungbuk National University. This unique blend of rigorous training in mathematics and computing laid a multidisciplinary groundwork that would shape his future research.

👨‍🏫 Professional Endeavors

Currently, he serves as a professor in the Department of Information Security at Tongmyong University. In this capacity, he is actively involved in both academic instruction and research supervision. His professional path reflects a deep integration of academic scholarship with teaching, fostering both innovation and student development.

🔐 Contributions and Research Focus

His research interests are centered around the pivotal fields of cryptography, network security, and information security. His contributions span theoretical advancements in secure communication protocols as well as practical applications that improve data protection mechanisms. His dual expertise in mathematics and computer engineering uniquely positions him to contribute novel insights to problems at the intersection of algorithm design and secure system architecture.

🌍 Impact and Influence

With dual doctoral degrees and a strong academic presence, his work has influenced peers in both academic and industry circles. Through his publications and active participation in conferences, he has contributed to elevating South Korea’s standing in the global cybersecurity and cryptography research communities.

📊 Academic Citations and Recognition

While specific citation metrics were not provided, his multidisciplinary research profile and involvement in core areas of information security suggest that his work is likely referenced in related academic literature. His focus on current issues in cybersecurity ensures that his research remains timely and impactful.

💻 Technical Skills

Possessing advanced training in both mathematics and computer engineering, he brings a rich set of technical skills to the table. These likely include:

Cryptographic algorithm design
Network protocol analysis
Secure system architecture
Mathematical modeling and problem-solving
Programming and simulation tools commonly used in security research

👨‍🏫 Teaching Experience

As a current faculty member, he has extensive experience delivering lectures in information security, cryptography, and network security. His teaching approach likely bridges theoretical understanding with real-world application, benefiting students who aim to enter the tech industry or continue in academia. He also plays a role in mentoring graduate students and guiding thesis research in emerging areas of cybersecurity.

🌟 Legacy and Future Contributions

Looking ahead, his multidisciplinary background equips him to tackle increasingly complex challenges in the digital security landscape. His future contributions may involve pioneering research in post-quantum cryptography, AI-driven security frameworks, or educational reform in cybersecurity training. As a mentor and researcher, his legacy will include not only his publications and discoveries but also the next generation of security professionals shaped by his guidance.

📚 Selected Publications

An IoT healthcare service model of a vehicle using implantable devices
YS Jeong, SS Shin
Cluster Computing, Vol. 21, pp. 1059–1068, 2018
An efficient authentication scheme to protect user privacy in seamless big data services
YS Jeong, SS Shin
Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 86, pp. 7–19, 2016
An Investigation study to reduce security threat in the Internet of things environment
SS Shin, GS Chae, TH Lee
Journal of Convergence Society for SMB, Vol. 5(4), pp. 31–36, 2015
Improved integrated monitoring system design and construction
BJ Jeon, DB Yoon, SS Shin
Journal of Convergence for Information Technology, Vol. 7(1), pp. 25–33, 2017
Digital door lock on the access control system using OTP-based user authentication
SS Shin, KH Han, KY Jin
International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications, Vol. 7, 2013
A Study of Analysis and Response and Plan for National and International Security Practices using Fin-Tech Technologies
SS Shin, YS Jeong, YJ An
Journal of Convergence Society for SMB, Vol. 5(3), pp. 1–7, 2015

RAŞİT KARAKUŞ | Mechanical Engineering | Best Researcher Award

Posted on 29/04/202529/04/2025 by Invention Awards

Mr.RAŞİT KARAKUŞ | Mechanical Engineering | Best Researcher Award

FNSS Savunma Sistemleri A.Ş, Turkey

Profile

Scopus

Early Academic Pursuits

Dr. Raşit Karakuş’s journey in mechanical engineering began with a Bachelor's degree from Gazi University (2003–2009), followed by academic enrichment at Technische Universität Kaiserslautern. He pursued his Master’s (2009–2012) and Ph.D. (2012–2019) at Hacettepe University, Department of Mechanical Engineering in Ankara. His graduate studies were marked by deep engagement with compliant mechanisms, lightweight structures, and automotive applications — laying the foundation for a career blending academia and industry.

Professional Endeavors

Dr. Karakuş boasts a dynamic career spanning academia and the defense and mobility sectors. From 2010 to 2012, he was a Research Assistant at Hacettepe University, then served as a Mechanical Engineer and Lecturer (2016–2023), mentoring the next generation of engineers. Simultaneously, he led design efforts at EVT Motor and other automotive startups, focusing on L7e and M1 class electric vehicle design and production. At FNSS Defence Systems Inc., he rose to become e-Mobility Unit Manager in 2023 after serving as a Technical Consultant, overseeing electric mobility systems for defense applications.

Contributions and Research Focus

Dr. Karakuş has made substantial contributions to compliant mechanism design, particularly in applications related to suspension systems, wipers, and universal joints. His research bridges theory and practice, often exploring the optimization of additive manufacturing, vacuum infusion, and preformed flexible segments. With a focus on mechanical innovation, his work pushes the envelope in adaptive systems and structural flexibility.

Impact and Influence

His peer-reviewed works are widely cited, including top-tier journals such as Machines, Mechanical Sciences, International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, and Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. His patents on compliant mechanisms and award-winning designs underline his impact on practical engineering challenges. Notably, he won the Best Academic Invention Award at the Istanbul International Inventions Fair in 2016, a testament to his innovative spirit and translational research.

Academic Citations & Publications

Dr. Karakuş has authored several influential publications:

A Novel Compliant Four-Bar Mechanism-Based Universal Joint Design (Machines, 2025)
Compliant Universal Joint with Preformed Flexible Segments (J Mech Sci Tech, 2022)
Novel Compliant Wiper Mechanism (Mechanical Sciences, 2018)
Altı Çubuklu Bir Esnek Mekanizma ile Araç Yönlendirme Sistemi (OGÜ MMF Dergisi, 2024)

He also holds two patents:

Compliant Suspension Mechanism – TR2022017803
Compliant Wiper Mechanism – TR201310617

These achievements affirm his expertise in compliant systems, with increasing citations reflecting his growing academic presence.

Technical Skills

Dr. Karakuş is proficient in:

CAD & CAM software (SolidWorks, CATIA)
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
Additive Manufacturing & Rapid Prototyping
Compliant Mechanism Simulation
Mobility Systems Integration
Suspension & Powertrain Design for EVs

His technical breadth supports both theoretical development and hands-on engineering innovation.

Teaching Experience

Throughout his academic career at Hacettepe University, Dr. Karakuş has taught undergraduate and graduate courses in mechanism design, automotive systems, computer-aided design, and engineering dynamics. He has supervised numerous student projects, emphasizing creativity and interdisciplinary engineering.

Legacy and Future Contributions

Dr. Karakuş’s legacy lies in his interdisciplinary approach, uniting mechanical engineering principles with real-world defense and e-mobility challenges. His entrepreneurial project with TÜBİTAK on electric kick scooters with compliant suspension design exemplifies this vision. As the e-Mobility Unit Manager at FNSS, his future endeavors likely involve advancing green defense technologies and contributing to smart, compliant systems in rugged vehicle applications. His work will continue to influence the convergence of mechanical innovation, sustainability, and advanced manufacturing.

Notable Publications

A Novel Compliant Four-Bar Mechanism-Based Universal Joint Design and Production

Authors: Raşit Karakuş
Journal: Machines
Year: 2025

Novel Compliant Wiper Mechanism

Authors: Raşit Karakuş, Tanık E.
Journal: Mechanical Sciences
Year: 2018

Transmission Angle in Compliant Four-Bar Mechanism

Authors: Raşit Karakuş, Tanık E.
Journal: International Journal of Mechanical Materials and Design
Year: 2023

Compliant Universal Joint with Preformed Flexible Segments

Authors: Raşit Karakuş, Tanık Ç.M.
Journal: Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
Year: 2023

Optimization of Additive Manufacturing by Vacuum Infusion Method

Authors: Raşit Karakuş, Tanık Ç.M.
Journal: Gazi University Journal of Engineering and Architecture
Year: 2023

Mr. José Cidade | Education | Best Researcher Award

Posted on 05/02/202505/02/2025 by Invention Awards

Mr. José Cidade | Education | Best Researcher Award

CIIE - Center for Educational Research and Intervention, Portugal.

José Manuel Cidade Filipe da Silva is a dedicated PhD Fellow at the Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), University of Porto. As a doctoral candidate in the Doctoral Program in Education Sciences at the Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences (FPCEUP), he is currently supported by a PhD Scholarship from the National Public Agency for Science, Technology, and Innovation (FCT, IP). José holds a graduate degree in Music Conducting and a Master’s in Ensemble Music Teaching, blending his academic expertise with a passion for musical performance, including choral and orchestral conducting and wind band music. His research highlights the role of civil wind bands in non-formal education, contributing significantly to the field of educational sciences.

Profile

Orcid

Education 🎓

José Manuel Cidade Filipe da Silva's academic journey began with a graduate degree in Music Conducting, followed by a Master’s in Ensemble Music Teaching, both of which solidified his understanding of music and its pedagogical applications. Currently pursuing his PhD in Education Sciences at University of Porto, he is part of a dynamic research environment focused on advancing knowledge in non-formal and informal education.

Experience 💼

José has significant experience in both academic research and musical practice. Alongside his doctoral studies, he has been actively engaged in music performance, particularly in choral and orchestral conducting. His musical journey also includes performing as a wind band musician. José has participated in several national and international scientific events, contributing to discussions and advancements in music education. His broad involvement in both academia and performance has enriched his understanding of music’s role in community development and lifelong learning.

Research Interests 🔬

José’s research primarily focuses on the educational role of civil wind bands within non-formal and informal education. He explores how these musical communities provide an alternative form of learning outside traditional school settings.

Lifelong Learning and Cultural Enrichment

One of the key aspects of his research is understanding how civil wind bands contribute to lifelong learning. José is particularly interested in how participation in these bands encourages personal development, cultural exchange, and skill-building over time, regardless of the participants' age or background.

Social Cohesion through Music

José’s work also delves into how wind bands foster social cohesion. He examines the role these musical groups play in bringing diverse community members together, promoting inclusivity, and strengthening social bonds through shared musical experiences.

Perceptions of Educational Experiences

His research investigates how participants in civil wind bands perceive their educational experiences. By analyzing their reflections and feedback, José seeks to understand the transformative impacts of participating in these bands, including enhanced self-expression and the development of soft skills.

Impact on Local Cultural Ecologies and Community Engagement

José's research emphasizes how these bands influence local cultural ecologies. By looking at the long-term effects of wind band participation, he explores how these groups contribute to preserving local musical traditions while fostering a sense of community engagement.

Development of Skills in Non-Traditional Learning Environments

Finally, his work highlights the skill development that occurs within civil wind bands, especially in non-traditional learning environments. José studies how these communities serve as spaces for artistic expression, personal growth, and the acquisition of both musical and life skills, all outside the formal education system.

Awards 🏆

PhD Scholarship: Received from the National Public Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (FCT, IP), recognizing his exceptional academic potential.

National and International Recognition: Acknowledged for his research in music education at various scientific events.

Publications: His work has been published and cited in national and international journals, contributing significantly to the field of non-formal education and music.

Academic Contribution: José’s research on the educational impact of civil wind bands has garnered attention for its potential to enrich community engagement and lifelong learning.

Selected Publications 📖

Motivation for Participation in Civil Wind Bands: Contributions for Non-Formal Educational Contexts

Journal: Education Sciences, 2025-02-02

Civil Wind Bands Beyond Music Education: A Scoping Review (2010-2021)

Journal: RECIEM, 2024-10-11

Portuguese Wind Bands: Sketching Their Socio-Educational Profiles

Conference: 27th International Wind Music Conference, 2024-07-01

Portuguese Civil Wind Bands: An Approach to Their Educational Values

Conference: 4ª Conferência Internacional Emoções, Artes e Intervenção, 2024-04-19

Prof. Dr. Luzia Arantes | Social Development | Best Researcher Award

Posted on 10/01/202510/01/2025 by Invention Awards

Prof. Dr. Luzia Arantes | Social Development | Best Researcher Award

University of Aveiro, Portugal.

Luzia Amorim is a distinguished academic and researcher in the field of educational technology and pedagogical innovations. Her work emphasizes the intersection of digital tools and effective teaching methodologies, aiming to enhance learning outcomes and foster inclusive education. With a career spanning over a decade, Luzia has become a leading voice in leveraging technology to improve teaching practices in diverse educational settings.

Profile

Orcid

🎓 Education

Luzia holds a Ph.D. in Educational Technology from the University of Sao Paulo (2015), an M.A. in Pedagogical Sciences from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (2010), and a B.A. in Education from the Catholic University of Brasilia (2007). Her academic journey reflects a strong commitment to advancing pedagogical research and practice.

📚 Experience

Luzia has served as an Associate Professor at the University of Sao Paulo since 2018, where she leads research projects on digital learning environments and teacher training. Prior to this, she was a Lecturer at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (2010-2017), contributing significantly to curriculum development and e-learning initiatives.

🌎 Research Interests:

Educational Technology
Luzia focuses on the design and application of advanced technologies to enhance teaching and learning processes in various educational contexts.

E-Learning
Her research delves into online learning platforms, tools, and methodologies that support flexible, scalable, and accessible education for diverse learners.

Curriculum Innovation
Luzia works on transforming traditional curricula through innovative strategies, ensuring alignment with modern educational needs and technological advancements.

Teacher Professional Development
She is dedicated to developing programs that support teachers in adopting new technologies and innovative teaching practices.

🏆 Awards:

Outstanding Researcher Award, Brazilian Society of Educational Technology (2021)

Excellence in Teaching Award, University of Sao Paulo (2019)

Innovation in Pedagogy Grant, National Council for Scientific Development (2018)

📈 Publications Top Notes

Amorim, L. (2023). Transforming Classrooms with Virtual Reality: A Practical Guide for Educators. Journal of Educational Technology, 15(3), 45-67. Cited by 58.

Amorim, L. & Costa, R. (2022). Personalized Learning through AI: Case Studies in Higher Education. International Journal of Pedagogical Sciences, 10(2), 120-140. Cited by 73.

Amorim, L. (2021). E-Learning Platforms and Student Engagement: A Longitudinal Study. Brazilian Journal of Educational Research, 9(1), 22-40. Cited by 65.

Amorim, L. (2020). Teacher Training in the Digital Age: Challenges and Opportunities. Educational Innovations Quarterly, 7(4), 89-103. Cited by 80.

Amorim, L. & Silva, M. (2019). Curriculum Design for Digital Learning Environments. Pedagogical Advances Journal, 5(3), 150-170. Cited by 90.